All metals produce a positive change in resistance in response to a positive change in temperature, which is the main function of an RTD. System error is minimised where the RTD’s resistance nominal value is large; this means using a metal wire with high resistivity.
Resistivity of the metals used in RTDs | ||||
Metal | Symbol | Resistivity Ω·cm/f | Resistivity Ω·mm²/m | Resistivity siemens |
Gold | Au | 13 | 2,1612e-2 | 4,6272e+7 |
Silver | Ag | 8,8 | 1,4629e-2 | 6,8356e+7 |
Copper | Cu | 9,26 | 1,5394e-2 | 6,496e+7 |
Platinum | Pt | 59 | 9,8083e-2 | 1,0195e+7 |
Tungsten | W | 30 | 4,9873e-2 | 2,0051e+7 |
Nickel | Ni | 36 | 5,9847e-2 | 1,6709e+7 |
Due to their low resistivity, gold and silver are rarely used in RTDs.
Le tungstène a une résistivité relativement élevée, mais est réservé pour des applications à très hautes températures parce qu’il est extrêmement fragile et difficile à travailler.
Tungsten has a relatively high resistivity, but is reserved for applications at very high temperatures because it is extremely fragile and difficult to work. Its upper temperature limit is only around 120 °C.
The most common RTDs are made of platinum, nickel or nickel alloys. Wires in nickel alloy are economic and used in a restricted temperature range, but they are non-linear and tend to drift over time.
Platinum is the obvious choice for all measurements.